The blog is back up and running. What did it take to fix it? Nothing. I just waited until the hosting service rolled out the required updates to PHP. On the authoring side, things are still a little squirrely, but I think that they will get corrected in short order.
The NAS now works almost perfectly. It is accessible from the desktop and the iPhone. It backs up my desktop computer and phone camera roll properly. Only the networked laptop seems to not be able to access it. It’s some kind of network issue that I haven’t yet sorted out. Sigh.